Autopercepción del estado de salud en pensionados por complicaciones de diabetes mellitus en Guadalajara, México / Self-perception of health status in people retired due to diabetes mellitus complications from Guadalajara, Mexico

RESUMEN Objetivo Evaluar la autopercepción del estado de salud (APES) de los pensionados por complicaciones de la diabetes mellitus, y que características sociodemográficas, familiares, laborales y clínicas de éstos están asociadas a dichas variables. Métodos Estudio transversal analítico en un universo 240 pensionados que aceptaron participar. Se evaluó la APES con el Cuestionario EuroQol-5D en español, y se incluyeron variables sociodemográficas, familiares, laborales y clínicas. Resultados Se estudiaron 240 pensionados con edad media 53,43 ± 8,16 años, 94,3% masculinos y 5,7% femeninos. Se encontró que el 53,4% refiere una APES regular, mala o muy mala. Se halló asociación significativa entre mala APES y vida laboral ≤30 años OR=6,00 (IC95% 1,27, 28,26) e insuficiencia renal crónica OR=7,00 (IC95% 1,39,35,35). No se encontraron modelos explicativos mediante regresión logística. Conclusiones La frecuencia de APES mala fue elevada en la muestra de pensionados por complicaciones de la diabetes mellitus. Se requieren estudios con muestras más amplias para mejores conclusiones.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate self-perception of health status (APES by its Spanish acronym) of people retired due to complications of diabetes mellitus, and what socio-demographic, family, work and clinical characteristics are associated to these variables. Materials and Methods Analytical, cross-sectional study in a universe of 240 pensioners who agreed to participate. The APES was evaluated with the EuroQol-5D questionnaire in Spanish, and socio-demographic, family, work and clinical variables were included. Results 240 pensioners with a mean age of 53.43 ± 8.16 years (94.29% male and 5.71% female) were studied. It was found that 53.4% reported regular, poor or very poor APES. A significant association between poor APES and work life ≤30 years (OR=6.00; 95%CI: 1.27, 28.26) and chronic renal failure (OR=7.00; 95%CI: 1.39, 35.35) was found. No explanatory models were found through logistic regression. No explanatory models were found by logistic regression. Conclusion The frequency of poor APES was high in the sample of patients with diabetes. Studies with larger samples are required for better conclusions.(AU)

[Self-perception of health status in people retired due to diabetes mellitus complications from Guadalajara, Mexico]. / Autopercepción del estado de salud en pensionados por complicaciones de diabetes mellitus en Guadalajara, México.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate self-perception of health status (APES by its Spanish acronym) of people retired due to complications of diabetes mellitus, and what socio-demographic, family, work and clinical characteristics are associated to these variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analytical, cross-sectional study in a universe of 240 pensioners who agreed to participate. The APES was evaluated with the EuroQol-5D questionnaire in Spanish, and socio-demographic, family, work and clinical variables were included. RESULTS: 240 pensioners with a mean age of 53.43 ± 8.16 years (94.29% male and 5.71% female) were studied. It was found that 53.4% reported regular, poor or very poor APES. A significant association between poor APES and work life ≤30 years (OR=6.00; 95%CI: 1.27, 28.26) and chronic renal failure (OR=7.00; 95%CI: 1.39, 35.35) was found. No explanatory models were found through logistic regression. No explanatory models were found by logistic regression. CONCLUSION: The frequency of poor APES was high in the sample of patients with diabetes. Studies with larger samples are required for better conclusions.

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la autopercepción del estado de salud (APES) de los pensionados por complicaciones de la diabetes mellitus, y que características sociodemográficas, familiares, laborales y clínicas de éstos están asociadas a dichas variables. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal analítico en un universo 240 pensionados que aceptaron participar. Se evaluó la APES con el Cuestionario EuroQol-5D en español, y se incluyeron variables sociodemográficas, familiares, laborales y clínicas. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 240 pensionados con edad media 53,43 ± 8,16 años, 94,3% masculinos y 5,7% femeninos. Se encontró que el 53,4% refiere una APES regular, mala o muy mala. Se halló asociación significativa entre mala APES y vida laboral ≤30 años OR=6,00 (IC95% 1,27, 28,26) e insuficiencia renal crónica OR=7,00 (IC95% 1,39,35,35). No se encontraron modelos explicativos mediante regresión logística. CONCLUSIONES: La frecuencia de APES mala fue elevada en la muestra de pensionados por complicaciones de la diabetes mellitus. Se requieren estudios con muestras más amplias para mejores conclusiones.

Educational intervention to improve the competence of Mexican physicians to provide nutritional management for diabetes mellitus type 2 / Intervención educativa para mejorar la competencia de médicos mexicanos para manejar nutricionalmente diabetes mellitus Tipo 2

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the effect of a participative educational intervention on the clinical competence of Mexican family physicians regarding the nutritional management of patients with diabetes mellitus Type 2. Materials and Methods Quasi-experimental study with a before-and-after control group. Convenience sample included 60 family physicians distributed in two social security primary health care units, randomly selected: 30 in the "A" unit and 30 in the "B" unit. Unit "A" was assigned randomly as control group, and "B" unit as intervention group. The intervention consisted of a theoretical-practical course-workshop that lasted six months where real cases were discussed and solved. Clinical competence was evaluated by means of an instrument designed ex professo, with a maximum theoretical value of 100 and 94% reliability according to the Kuder-Richardson test. Medians of clinical competence were compared among groups, before and after intervention, using the Mann-Whitney U test, while frequencies distribution of clinical competence level were analyzed with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (p≤0.05). Results Overall medians and intervals for unit "A" were 28 (9-45) pre-intervention and 34 (11-51) pos-intervention, with before-after difference p>0.05; for unit "B", values were 32 (12-50) pre-intervention, 61 (36-82) pos-intervention, and before-after difference p≤0.05. No significant differences were found among groups pre-intervention (p>0.05), although they were observed pos-intervention (p≤0.05). Conclusions The educational intervention evaluated proved to improve, in a statistically significant way, the overall and by dimensions clinical competence level of Mexican family physicians for nutritional management of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.(AU)

RESUMEN Objetivo Evaluar el efecto de una intervención educativa participativa sobre la competencia clínica de médicos familiares mexicanos para el manejo nutricio de pacientes con diabetes mellitus Tipo 2. Método Estudio cuasiexperimental con grupo control antes-después. Se estudió una muestra por conveniencia de 60 médicos familiares distribuidos en dos unidades médicas de atención primaria de seguridad social elegidas al azar, 30 en la "A" y 30 en la "B". La unidad "A" fue designada grupo control, y la "B" de intervención. La intervención consistió en un curso-taller teórico-práctico que duró seis meses, donde se discutieron y resolvieron casos reales. La competencia clínica se evaluó mediante un instrumento diseñado ex professo, con un valor teórico máximo de 100, y una fiabilidad de 94% según prueba de Kuder-Richardson. Se compararon las medianas de competencia clínica entre grupos antes y después mediante la prueba U de Mann-Whitney, y cinco las distribuciones de frecuencias de los niveles de competencia clínica mediante la prueba de Kolmogórov-Smirnov (p≤0,05). Resultados Medianas e intervalos de la calificación global: unidad "A" 28 (9-45) pre-intervención, 34 (11-51) pos-intervención, diferencia antes-después p≤0,05; unidad "B" 32 (12-50) pre-intervención, 61 (36-82) pos-intervención, diferencia antes-después p≤0,05. No se encontró diferencia significativa entre los grupos pre-intervención (p>0,05), y si pos-intervención (p≤0,05). Conclusiones La intervención educativa evaluada demostró mejorar, de forma estadísticamente significativa, el nivel de competencia clínica global y por dimensión, de médicos familiares mexicanos para el manejo nutricio de pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2.(AU)

Representaciones sociales de adolescentes mexicanas embarazadas sobre el puerperio, la lactancia y los cuidados del recién nacido / Social representations of Mexican pregnant teenagers about the puerperal care, lactation, and newborn care

Resumen: Introducción: Los cuidados durante el puerperio y la alimentación del recién nacido están guiados por significados culturales afianzados entre las mujeres, por lo que es importante conocerlos e identificar cómo se adquieren y perpetúan. En este tenor, se estudiaron las representaciones sociales que tienen adolescentes mexicanas embarazadas sobre el puerperio, la lactancia y el cuidado del recién nacido. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio interpretativo basado en los principios de la teoría de las representaciones sociales. Se realizaron entrevistas para obtener información de 30 adolescentes mexicanas que asistieron a control prenatal al área de ginecoobstetricia en un hospital de segundo nivel de atención durante 2015. Se aplicaron estrategias de análisis de contenido clásico para analizar la información; este proceso consistió en codificar y categorizar la información. También se elaboró un mapa conceptual para describir las representaciones sociales encontradas. Resultados: Se identificaron 190 códigos y tres representaciones sociales: «lactancia: práctica mitificada¼, «los recién nacidos son frágiles¼ y «madre e hijo deben sincronizarse¼. Conclusiones: Se identificaron tres representaciones sociales que explicaron las prácticas de las adolescentes hacia la lactancia y el cuidado de ellas y sus hijos, adquiridas mediante la comunicación familiar y afianzadas por la necesidad de apoyo debido a ausencia temporal o permanente de pareja, crisis personales motivadas por los cambios corporales, miedo a sufrir cambios por la lactancia y desconocimiento sobre cómo llevar a cabo la lactancia y los cuidados durante el puerperio.

Abstract: Background: Puerperal care and feeding of the newborn are guided by entrenched cultural meanings between women, so it is important to know and identify how they are acquired and perpetuated. Regarding this knowledge, the social representations that Mexican pregnant teenagers have about puerperium, lactation and newborn care were studied. Methods: An interpretative study was made based on principles of the theory of social representations. Interviews were conducted to obtain information from 30 Mexican adolescents who attended prenatal care at the gynecological obstetrics area in a second-level hospital during 2015. Classical content analysis strategies were applied to analyze the information; this process consisted of coding and categorizing information. A conceptual map was also developed to describe the social representations found. Results: In this study, 190 codes and three social representations were identified: "breastfeeding is a practice based on myths", "newborns are fragile" and "mother and child must be synchronized". Conclusions: Three social representations were identified that explain the practices of adolescents towards breastfeeding and the care of them and their children, which were acquired through family communication and strengthened by the need for support due to the temporary or permanent absence of the couple, personal crises motivated by bodily changes, fear of new modifications due to breastfeeding and ignorance about how carry out breastfeeding and care during the puerperium.

[Social representations of Mexican pregnant teenagers about the puerperal care, lactation, and newborn care]. / Representaciones sociales de adolescentes mexicanas embarazadas sobre el puerperio, la lactancia y los cuidados del recién nacido.

Background: Puerperal care and feeding of the newborn are guided by entrenched cultural meanings between women, so it is important to know and identify how they are acquired and perpetuated. Regarding this knowledge, the social representations that Mexican pregnant teenagers have about puerperium, lactation and newborn care were studied. Methods: An interpretative study was made based on principles of the theory of social representations. Interviews were conducted to obtain information from 30 Mexican adolescents who attended prenatal care at the gynecological obstetrics area in a second-level hospital during 2015. Classical content analysis strategies were applied to analyze the information; this process consisted of coding and categorizing information. A conceptual map was also developed to describe the social representations found. Results: In this study, 190 codes and three social representations were identified: "breastfeeding is a practice based on myths", "newborns are fragile" and "mother and child must be synchronized". Conclusions: Three social representations were identified that explain the practices of adolescents towards breastfeeding and the care of them and their children, which were acquired through family communication and strengthened by the need for support due to the temporary or permanent absence of the couple, personal crises motivated by bodily changes, fear of new modifications due to breastfeeding and ignorance about how carry out breastfeeding and care during the puerperium.

Introducción: Los cuidados durante el puerperio y la alimentación del recién nacido están guiados por significados culturales afianzados entre las mujeres, por lo que es importante conocerlos e identificar cómo se adquieren y perpetúan. En este tenor, se estudiaron las representaciones sociales que tienen adolescentes mexicanas embarazadas sobre el puerperio, la lactancia y el cuidado del recién nacido. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio interpretativo basado en los principios de la teoría de las representaciones sociales. Se realizaron entrevistas para obtener información de 30 adolescentes mexicanas que asistieron a control prenatal al área de ginecoobstetricia en un hospital de segundo nivel de atención durante 2015. Se aplicaron estrategias de análisis de contenido clásico para analizar la información; este proceso consistió en codificar y categorizar la información. También se elaboró un mapa conceptual para describir las representaciones sociales encontradas. Resultados: Se identificaron 190 códigos y tres representaciones sociales: «lactancia: práctica mitificada¼, «los recién nacidos son frágiles¼ y «madre e hijo deben sincronizarse¼. Conclusiones: Se identificaron tres representaciones sociales que explicaron las prácticas de las adolescentes hacia la lactancia y el cuidado de ellas y sus hijos, adquiridas mediante la comunicación familiar y afianzadas por la necesidad de apoyo debido a ausencia temporal o permanente de pareja, crisis personales motivadas por los cambios corporales, miedo a sufrir cambios por la lactancia y desconocimiento sobre cómo llevar a cabo la lactancia y los cuidados durante el puerperio.

Educational intervention to improve the competence of Mexican physicians to provide nutritional management for diabetes mellitus type 2.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a participative educational intervention on the clinical competence of Mexican family physicians regarding the nutritional management of patients with diabetes mellitus Type 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Quasi-experimental study with a before-and-after control group. Convenience sample included 60 family physicians distributed in two social security primary health care units, randomly selected: 30 in the "A" unit and 30 in the "B" unit. Unit "A" was assigned randomly as control group, and "B" unit as intervention group. The intervention consisted of a theoretical-practical course-workshop that lasted six months where real cases were discussed and solved. Clinical competence was evaluated by means of an instrument designed ex professo, with a maximum theoretical value of 100 and 94% reliability according to the Kuder-Richardson test. Medians of clinical competence were compared among groups, before and after intervention, using the Mann-Whitney U test, while frequencies distribution of clinical competence level were analyzed with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (p≤0.05). RESULTS: Overall medians and intervals for unit "A" were 28 (9-45) pre-intervention and 34 (11-51) pos-intervention, with before-after difference p>0.05; for unit "B", values were 32 (12-50) pre-intervention, 61 (36-82) pos-intervention, and before-after difference p≤0.05. No significant differences were found among groups pre-intervention (p>0.05), although they were observed pos-intervention (p≤0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The educational intervention evaluated proved to improve, in a statistically significant way, the overall and by dimensions clinical competence level of Mexican family physicians for nutritional management of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.

Competencia clínica de médicos de seguridad social guatemaltecos para manejar hepatitis virales en atención primaria / Clinical competences for human viral hepatitis treatment of primary healthcare physicians from the Guatemalan social security system

RESUMEN Objetivo Medir la competencia clínica para el diagnóstico y manejo de hepatitis virales en médicos de primer nivel de atención a la salud. Metodología Se efectuó un estudio transversal en el que usando un instrumento previamente validado se midió la competencia y posteriormente se comparó entre médicos adscritos a diversas unidades médicas de atención primaria a la salud (UMAPS) del Instituto Guatemalteco de Seguridad Social (IGSS). La información fue analizada mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial no paramétrica. Se evaluaron 104 médicos de 5 UMAPS del IGSS. Resultados Se encontró un nivel muy bajo de competencia clínica para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las hepatitis virales, dentro de un intervalo de 9 a 62 puntos obtenidos en el instrumento que tiene un valor máximo teórico de 88, sin encontrar diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre UMAPS. Conclusiones: Se requiere educación continua en los médicos de las UMAPS del IGSS para mejorar sus competencias en hepatitis virales.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To measure the clinical competence for diagnosis and treatment of human viral hepatitis in primary health care physicians. Methodology Cross-sectional study in which a previously validated instrument to measure competences was used, and subsequent comparison between physicians at various primary health care units (PHCT) from the Guatemalan Institute of Social Security (GISS). This information was analyzed using descriptive and non-parametrical statistics. 104 physicians, from 5 PHCT ascribed to GISS were analyzed. Results A low level of clinical competence for diagnosis and treatment of human viral hepatitis in this physicians group was found, within a range of 9 to 62 points obtained through an instrument with a maximum theoretical value of 88; no significant statistical difference between PHCT was found. Conclusions PHCT physicians from require continuing education to improve their clinical competence on human viral hepatitis.(AU)

[Clinical competences for human viral hepatitis treatment of primary healthcare physicians from the Guatemalan social security system]. / Competencia clínica de médicos de seguridad social guatemaltecos para manejar hepatitis virales en atención primaria.

OBJECTIVE: To measure the clinical competence for diagnosis and treatment of human viral hepatitis in primary health care physicians. METHODOLOGY: Cross-sectional study in which a previously validated instrument to measure competences was used, and subsequent comparison between physicians at various primary health care units (PHCT) from the Guatemalan Institute of Social Security (GISS). This information was analyzed using descriptive and non-parametrical statistics. 104 physicians, from 5 PHCT ascribed to GISS were analyzed. RESULTS: A low level of clinical competence for diagnosis and treatment of human viral hepatitis in this physicians group was found, within a range of 9 to 62 points obtained through an instrument with a maximum theoretical value of 88; no significant statistical difference between PHCT was found. CONCLUSIONS: PHCT physicians from require continuing education to improve their clinical competence on human viral hepatitis.

OBJETIVO: Medir la competencia clínica para el diagnóstico y manejo de hepatitis virales en médicos de primer nivel de atención a la salud. METODOLOGÍA: Se efectuó un estudio transversal en el que usando un instrumento previamente validado se midió la competencia y posteriormente se comparó entre médicos adscritos a diversas unidades médicas de atención primaria a la salud (UMAPS) del Instituto Guatemalteco de Seguridad Social (IGSS). La información fue analizada mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial no paramétrica. Se evaluaron 104 médicos de 5 UMAPS del IGSS. RESULTADOS: Se encontró un nivel muy bajo de competencia clínica para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las hepatitis virales, dentro de un intervalo de 9 a 62 puntos obtenidos en el instrumento que tiene un valor máximo teórico de 88, sin encontrar diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre UMAPS. Conclusiones: Se requiere educación continua en los médicos de las UMAPS del IGSS para mejorar sus competencias en hepatitis virales.

Effect of an educational intervention on the clinical competence for primary healthcare of rheumatic diseases in Mexican physicians / Efecto de una intervención educativa en médicos mexicanos sobre la competencia clínica para la atención primaria de enfermedades reumáticas

ABSTRACT Objective To measure the effect of an educational intervention on clinical competences for diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases in primary healthcare physicians working in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area, Jalisco, Mexico. Methodology Quasi-experimental study conducted in physicians from two primary health care units. The study was carried out in a 40 physicians sample, 21 in Group "A" (intervention) and 19 in Group "B" (control). The clinical competence for diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases was measured in both groups by means of an instrument previously designed and validated (Kuder-Richardson reliability index =0,94). Results Clinical competence average score prior to intervention was 47 for Group "A" and 42 for Group "B", while after the intervention it was 72 and 47 respectively, which shows statistically significant differences (Wilcoxon test, p<0,05). Conclusions Clinical competence for diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases in primary healthcare physicians is low; however, it can be improved by implementing educational interventions based on a constructivist approach.(AU)

RESUMEN Objetivo Medir el efecto de una intervención educativa sobre la competencia clínica para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de enfermedades reumáticas en médicos de atención primaria de la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. Metodología Estudio cuasi-experimental realizado en médicos de dos unidades de atención primaria a la salud. Se estudió una muestra propositiva de 40 médicos, 21 en el grupo "A" (intervención) y 19 en el grupo "B" (control). Se evaluó la competencia clínica para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de enfermedades reumáticas en ambos grupos mediante un instrumento previamente diseñado y validado (índice de fiabilidad de Kuder-Richardson =0,94). Resultados El puntaje medio de competencia clínica previo a la intervención fue 47 en el grupo "A" y 42 en el grupo "B", y después de la intervención fue 72 y 47, respectivamente, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas (prueba de Wilcoxon, p<0,05). Conclusiones La competencia clínica para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de enfermedades reumáticas en médicos de atención primaria es baja; sin embargo, puede mejorarse mediante intervenciones educativas con enfoque constructivista.(AU)

Effect of an educational intervention on the clinical competence for primary healthcare of rheumatic diseases in Mexican physicians.

OBJECTIVE: To measure the effect of an educational intervention on clinical competences for diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases in primary healthcare physicians working in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area, Jalisco, Mexico. METHODOLOGY: Quasi-experimental study conducted in physicians from two primary health care units. The study was carried out in a 40 physicians sample, 21 in Group "A" (intervention) and 19 in Group "B" (control). The clinical competence for diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases was measured in both groups by means of an instrument previously designed and validated (Kuder-Richardson reliability index =0,94). RESULTS: Clinical competence average score prior to intervention was 47 for Group "A" and 42 for Group "B", while after the intervention it was 72 and 47 respectively, which shows statistically significant differences (Wilcoxon test, p<0,05). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical competence for diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases in primary healthcare physicians is low; however, it can be improved by implementing educational interventions based on a constructivist approach.

[Gerontological profile of an elderly population in Tabasco, México]. / Perfil gerontológico del adulto mayor en Tabasco, México.

OBJECTIVE: Defining the gerontological profile of an elderly population in Tabasco, Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study. The study population consisted of 35,745 elderly adults who were enrolled in the Mexican Older Adults' Institute (Instituto Nacional de las Personas Adultas Mayores-INAPAM) in Tabasco. Sampling was not used. The selection criteria invol ved elderly adults who were enrolled in INAPAM from January/2004-December/2006. Socio-demographic, sanitary and personal preferences were the variables considered. INAPAM's Mexican Survey of Senior Citizens' database for the study period was used for providing the necessary information; descriptive statistics were used for analysis. RESULTS: Some elderly adults were unable to work (11.9 %); those working did so in the countryside (10.5 %). Almost all of them had some sort of income (99.8 %): family support (46 %) or employment (22.3 %). A fifth of the population were illiterate (21 %). Most of them li ved with someone else (88.9 %) with a spouse (57.3 %) or children (45.9 %). Most li ved in their own houses (87.1 %), had basic services (94.3 %) and a stove, television and refrigerator (74.5 %). The frequently occurring diseases were osteo-degenerative (50.4 %), ophthalmic (39.2 %) dental (16.3 %), high blood pressure-related, Diabetes mellitus and tumours. Most had social security (63.3 %) but mostly used Mexican Ministry of Health services (28.7 %). They fostered the following values: health (81.2 %), family (72.4 %) and love (45.9 %); sharing family time was the most frequent free-time activity (72 %) followed by religious activities (56.4 %). CONCLUSIONS: The aforementioned features formed the gerontological profile for elderly adults in Tabasco; and the results of this series partially differed from that reported by other Mexican institutions.

[Geographic distribution of dengue fever cases in flooded zones from Villahermosa, Tabasco, in 2010]. / Distribución geográfica de casos de fiebre de dengue en zonas anegadas de Villahermosa, Tabasco, México, 2010.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the geographical distribution of dengue fever cases in flooded areas of Villahermosa, Tabasco, in 2010. METHODS: Cross-sectional, descriptive study. Universe: Colonies with antecedents of flooding during the inundation of the State, located in Villahermosa, Tabasco: Gaviotas Norte, Gaviotas Sur, La Manga 1th Section, La Manga 2nd Section and La Manga 3th Section. Convenience sample without randomization. VARIABLES: location, dengue fever case. ANALYSIS: descriptive statistic. Software: SPSS version 11.0. RESULTS: 540 individuals were included. The distribution was: Gaviotas Norte, 36.1%; Gaviotas Sur, 24.8%; La Manga 1th Section, 13.8%; La Manga 2nd Section, 13.2%; and La Manga 3th Section, 12.1%. We found three cases with positive serology of IgG (0.6%) and five cases of positive IgM (0.9%). The geographical distribution was associated with the proximity to two water bodies: Rio Grijalva and Laguna El Encanto. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to reinforce preventive interventions in the proximity of bodies of fresh water.

Distribución geográfica de casos de fiebre de dengue en zonas anegadas de Villahermosa, Tabasco, México, 2010 / Geographic distribution of dengue fever cases in flooded zones from Villahermosa, Tabasco, in 2010

Objective: To describe the geographical distribution of dengue fever cases in flooded areas of Villahermosa, Tabasco, in 2010. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive study. Universe: Colonies with antecedents of flooding during the inundation of the State, located in Villahermosa, Tabasco: Gaviotas Norte, Gaviotas Sur, La Manga 1th Section, La Manga 2nd Section and La Manga 3th Section. Convenience sample without randomization. Variables: location, dengue fever case. Analysis: descriptive statistic. Software: SPSS version 11.0. Results: 540 individuals were included. The distribution was: Gaviotas Norte, 36.1%; Gaviotas Sur, 24.8%; La Manga 1th Section, 13.8%; La Manga 2nd Section, 13.2%; and La Manga 3th Section, 12.1%. We found three cases with positive serology of IgG (0.6%) and five cases of positive IgM (0.9%). The geographical distribution was associated with the proximity to two water bodies: Rio Grijalva and Laguna El Encanto. Conclusions: It is necessary to reinforce preventive interventions in the proximity of bodies of fresh water.

Objetivo: Describir la distribución geográfica de los casos de fiebre de dengue en zonas anegadas de Villahermosa, Tabasco, México, en el año 2010. Métodos: Estudio transversal, descriptivo. Universo en estudio: colonias con antecedentes de anegación durante las inundaciones del Estado, ubicadas en Villahermosa, Tabasco: Gaviotas Norte, Gaviotas Sur, La Manga 1ª Sección, La Manga 2ª Sección y La Manga 3ª Sección. Muestra: no probabilís-tica por conveniencia. Variables: ubicación, caso de fiebre de dengue. Análisis: estadística descriptiva. Software: SPSS versión 11.0. Resultados: Se incluyeron 540 sujetos, distribuidos en Gaviotas Norte 36,1%; Gaviotas Sur 24,8%; La Manga 1a Sección 13,8%; La Manga 2a Sección 13,2%; La Manga 3a Sección 2,1%. Se encontraron tres casos con serología positiva a IgG (0,6%) y cinco casos con serología positiva a IgM (0,9%). La distribución geográfica de los casos guardó relación con la cercanía a dos cuerpos de agua: Río Grijalva y Laguna El Encanto. Conclusiones: Es necesario reforzar las intervenciones preventivas en zonas cercanas a cuerpos de agua dulce.

Perfil gerontológico del adulto mayor en Tabasco, México / Gerontological profile of an elderly population in Tabasco, México

Objetivo Definir el perfil gerontológico de los adultos mayores en Tabasco, México. Material y métodos Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, transversal, descriptivo. Universo: 35 745 adultos mayores afiliados al Instituto Nacional de las Personas Adultas Mayores (INAPAM), Delegación Tabasco. Muestra: no se tomó. Criterios de selección: adultos mayores que se afiliaron al INAPAM durante el período Enero/2004-Diciembre/2006. Variables: socio demográficas, sanitarias y de preferencias personales. Fuente de información: base de datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Adultos Mayores del INAPAM correspondiente al período de estudio. Análisis: estadísticas descriptivas. Resultados Algunos adultos mayores se encuentran incapacitados para trabajar (11,9 %), los que laboran lo hacen en el campo (10,5 %). Casi todos tienen ingresos (99,8 %):por apoyo familiar (46 %)o empleo (22,3 %). El analfabetismo está en la quinta parte de la población (21,0 %). La mayoría viven acompañados (88,9 %): por cónyuges (57,3 %) o hijos (45,9 %). Viven en casas propias (87,1 %), con los servicios básicos (94,3 %), y cuentan con estufa, televisión y refrigerador (74,5 %). Las enfermedades más frecuentes: osteo degenerativas (50,4 %), oftalmológicas (39,2 %) y odontológicas (16,3 %), además de: hipertensión arterial, Diabetes mellitus y neoplasias. Cuentan con seguridad social el 63,3 %, pero los servicios de la Secretaría (Ministerio) de Salud son más usados (28,7 %). Fomentan los valores: salud (81,2 %), familia (72,4 %), y amor (45,9 %); la convivencia con la familia es la actividad más frecuente de tiempo libre (72 %), junto a las actividades religiosas (56,4 %). Conclusiones Los rasgos citados integran el perfil gerontológico del adulto mayor de Tabasco. Los resultados de esta serie, difieren parcialmente con los reportados por otras instituciones nacionales.

Objective Defining the gerontological profile of an elderly population in Tabasco, Mexico. Material and methods This was an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study. The study population consisted of 35,745 elderly adults who were enrolled in the Mexican Older Adults' Institute (Instituto Nacional de las Personas Adultas Mayores-INAPAM) in Tabasco. Sampling was not used. The selection criteria invol ved elderly adults who were enrolled in INAPAM from January/2004-December/2006. Socio-demographic, sanitary and personal preferences were the variables considered. INAPAM's Mexican Survey of Senior Citizens' database for the study period was used for providing the necessary information; descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Results Some elderly adults were unable to work (11.9 %); those working did so in the countryside (10.5 %). Almost all of them had some sort of income (99.8 %): family support (46 %) or employment (22.3 %). A fifth of the population were illiterate (21 %). Most of them li ved with someone else (88.9 %) with a spouse (57.3 %) or children (45.9 %). Most li ved in their own houses (87.1 %), had basic services (94.3 %) and a stove, television and refrigerator (74.5 %). The frequently occurring diseases were osteo-degenerative (50.4 %), ophthalmic (39.2 %) dental (16.3 %), high blood pressure-related, Diabetes mellitus and tumours. Most had social security (63.3 %) but mostly used Mexican Ministry of Health services (28.7 %). They fostered the following values: health (81.2 %), family (72.4 %) and love (45.9 %); sharing family time was the most frequent free-time activity (72 %) followed by religious activities (56.4 %). Conclusions The aforementioned features formed the gerontological profile for elderly adults in Tabasco; and the results of this series partially differed from that reported by other Mexican institutions.